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Chapter 14 / 21

Delay and Reverb

Delay creates repeats.

Delay creates repeats. Time sets the interval; Feedback returns part of a repeat to create the next repeat; Blend sets the mix; Tone colors the repeats. At tempo B BPM, quarter = 60,000/B ms, eighth = quarter/2, and dotted eighth = quarter×0.75. At 120 BPM, a quarter is 500 ms and a dotted eighth is 375 ms. Tempo sync chooses a duration from BPM rather than applying manual Time at the same time.

Digital is often clearer; tape and analog add color. Ping-pong moves left/right when output and routing preserve stereo. Accumulating repeats can raise RMS and peak levels. More Feedback does not always extend the tail musically; listen when you stop playing and when a new chord arrives.

Reverb imitates reflections and space. Room is small, Hall is larger, Plate has a smooth tail, and Shimmer adds a pitched component. Decay controls tail length, Damping reduces the tail's high frequencies, Pre-delay leaves an initial gap before ambience, Width controls stereo spread, and Blend sets the balance. Pre-delay is not device latency. The app's normalized Decay knob does not necessarily represent T60 in seconds.

Large ambience can blur articulation. When evaluating a lead's foundation, turn Delay/Reverb off first, then add them as needed. Bypassing a pedal, reducing Blend, changing a preset, and preserving tails are different behaviors. Spillover needs testing; it should not be promised merely because an effect is called Reverb.

Try the concept

Tempo and subdivisions

How many milliseconds is a dotted eighth?

120 BPM
Four-beat timeline — illustrative echo heights00.5101234Beats since the note
Four-beat timeline — illustrative echo heights
Initial noteDelay echoes
One beat
500.0 ms
Delay time
375.0 ms
Subdivision length
0.75 beats

Changing tempo changes milliseconds, while the echo positions relative to beats follow the subdivision. An unsynced delay does not automatically follow Tap.

A visual timeline covering four beats. Solid lines mark beats and dots mark echoes; echo height only illustrates feedback. There is no audio or autoplay.

Audio terminology

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